Validation of a French Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire: Relationships With Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy

The aim of this study was to validate the French version Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) and assess its measurement invariance across gender, age groups, countries, student versus career counseling samples. We also examined sensitivity instrument discriminate a population from general sample. Third, we studied relationship between decision-making difficulties, self-efficacy, self-esteem in sample 1,748 French-speaking Swiss participants. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed overall hierarchical structure CDDQ. Multigroup indicated that level groups almost always reached configural, metric, scalar invariance. Differences countries were very small, whereas differences subsamples much larger. Both self-efficacy significantly predicted difficulties. Moreover, as expected, partially mediated